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1.
Mundo saúde (Impr.) ; 42(4): 893-916, nov. 2018. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1000195

ABSTRACT

Dengue is considered the most important clinical arbovirus. Cases of transmission by blood transfusion and contaminated donors have already been described previously. Considering this reality, this study aimed to investigate the seroepidemiological profile of dengue in blood donors at the Blood Bank of the State of Amapá (HEMOAP), as well as the socio-epidemiological and donation profiles of the participants. In the period from May to June 2017, 298 blood samples were subsequently tested for IgM and IgG antibodies against dengue using immunochromatography and PCR analysis for the detection of the virus and its serotypes. Information on donation type and donor type was acquired through the HEMOAP database. Participants also answered a socio-epidemiological questionnaire. Among the participants in the survey, the majority were male, aged 18-29 years old, completed high school, privately employed workers, with a monthly family income of one to three minimum wages. Most were repeat donors as well as replacement donations. Regarding the antibody test, three samples (1%) showed reactive results for the IgM antibody against dengue, four (1.3%) reactions for IgG and two (0.7%) reactions for both antibodies. The virus was not identified in any of the samples analyzed. No significant frequency of anti-dengue antibodies has been detected in donors, however, studies such as these help in understanding this disease, as well as enriching the debate on the risk of possible transmission of dengue by blood transfusion


A dengue é considerada a arbovirose de maior importância clínica. Casos de transmissão por transfusão sanguínea e doadores contaminados já foram descritos anteriormente. Considerando-se essa realidade, este estudo objetivou investigar o perfil soroepidemiológico da dengue em doadores de sangue no Hemocentro do Estado do Amapá (HEMOAP), assim como o perfil socioepidemiológico e de doação dos participantes. Foram coletadas, no período de maio à junho de 2017, 298 amostras de sangue posteriormente testadas para anticorpos IgM e IgG contra a dengue utilizando teste imunocromatográfico e analise por PCR para a detecção do vírus e seus sorotipos. Informações sobre tipo de doação e tipo de doador foram adquiridas por meio do banco de dados do HEMOAP. Os participantes também responderam um questionário socioepidemiológico. Entre os participantes da pesquisa a maioria foi do sexo masculino, com idade entre 18-29 anos, ensino médio completo, empregado assalariado privado, com renda familiar mensal de um a três salários mínimos. Doadores de repetição foram a maioria assim como doações de reposição. Quanto a pesquisa de anticorpos, três amostras (1%) apresentaram resultado reagente para o anticorpo IgM contra a dengue; quatro (1,3%) reagentes para IgG e duas (0,7%) reagente para ambos os anticorpos. Não foi identificado o vírus em nenhuma das amostras analisadas. Não foi detectada uma considerável frequência de anticorpos anti dengue nos doadores, no entanto, estudos como esses ajudam na compreensão dessa doença além de enriquecer o debate sobre o risco de uma possível transmissão da dengue por transfusão sanguínea


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Serology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Dengue , Hemotherapy Service , Arbovirus Infections
2.
Vigil. sanit. debate ; 6(2): 29-37, maio 2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-916422

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Pacientes internados em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) são submetidos a tratamentos com múltiplos fármacos, visto a gravidade dos problemas que são tratados. A interação medicamentosa é definida como um evento causado pela modificação do efeito ou aproveitamento de um fármaco no organismo em virtude de outro. A avaliação das potenciais interações medicamentosas pode auxiliar a equipe multiprofissional a promover um tratamento de qualidade, evitando que estas interações sejam danosas ao paciente, diminuindo o tempo de internação e consequentemente auxiliando na redução de custos. Objetivo: Avaliar as principais interações medicamentosas observadas nas UTI de um hospital privado na cidade de Macapá (Amapá, AP) através da análise das prescrições e das consequentes intervenções adotadas a fim de minimizar seus riscos. Método: Foram avaliadas prescrições de pacientes internados em UTI quanto à presença de potenciais interações medicamentosas e sua respectiva classificação, segundo seu risco e mecanismo. As principais interações foram destacadas a fim de destacar seu mecanismo e medidas adotadas pela equipe multidisciplinar. Resultados: Observou-se que a maioria das interações, tanto na UTI adulto quanto na UTI neonatal, foram consideradas de risco moderado. As interações farmacocinéticas foram mais comuns na UTI adulto, enquanto as farmacodinâmicas predominaram na UTI neonatal. O manejo no horário de administração dos medicamentos foi a intervenção mais adequada para a maioria dos casos das interações medicamentosas. Conclusões: o monitoramento das potenciais interações em pacientes críticos procura garantir a segurança do paciente, buscando diminuir os riscos potenciais aos quais estes estão expostos.


Introduction: Patients admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICU) are submitted to multiple drug treatments, considering the severity of their problems. Drug interaction is defined as an event caused by the modification of the effect or use of a drug in the body. The evaluation of potential drug interactions can help the multiprofessional team to promote a quality treatment, avoiding harmful interactions, reducing the length of hospitalization and consequently reducing costs. Objective: To evaluate the main drug interactions observed in the ICUs of a private hospital in the city of Macapá, Brazil, through the analysis of the prescriptions and the consequent interventions adopted in order to minimize their risks. Method: Prescriptions of patients admitted to the ICU were evaluated for the presence of potential drug interactions and their respective classification according to their risk and mechanism. A brief bibliographic study about the main interactions was carried out in order to highlight its mechanism and the measures adopted by the multidisciplinary team. Results: We observed that the majority of the interactions, both in the adult ICU and in the neonata ICU, were considered of moderate risk. Pharmacokinetic interactions were more common in the adult ICU, while pharmacodynamics predominated in the neonatal intensive care unit. Management during the administration of medications was the most appropriate intervention for most cases of drug interactions. Conclusions: Monitoring of potential interactions in critically ill patients seeks to ensure patient safety in order to reduce the potential risks to which they are exposed.

3.
Rev. ciênc. farm. básica apl ; 38: [9], 01/01/2017. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1100225

ABSTRACT

The mineral exploration in the Amazon, has determined impacts for the environment and for the populations exposed to different agents of the production process. The extraction and the beneficiation developed in the state of Amapa left environmental damages and issues that influence the population´s health, such as contamination by metals. Researches have shown that some forms of metals are toxic; causing neurological and genetic complications. The present work considers the toxicological evaluation a fundamental prerequisite in the identification of potential damages to the health. Accordingly, the study´s objective is the investigating of the toxic effects through laboratory analysis in a population group of the Elesbao district in Santana-AP municipality exposed to residues of minerals and metals. In this way, the amount of metals in Elesbao´s water region was evaluated by spectrophotometer, hematological and biochemical tests were accomplished for laboratory evaluation. The paired t-test was applied for statistical evaluation with a significance of 5% (p <0.05). It was concluded that iron and manganese are present in high concentrations in the region water. Hematological and biochemical exams presented statistically relevant alterations. Significant differences in the morphology of the cells were detected by microscopic analysis. This study demonstrates the importance of the investigation of sources of metal exposure and preventing the elimination and minimization of the risks of adverse effects to excessive exposure to multiple metals.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Population , Water/analysis , Biological Monitoring/methods , Mining , Brazil , Environmental Pollution
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